REST (Representational State Transfer)is the new standard and HTTP protocol is viewed as a REST based architecture as it sends messages from Client to Server using REST. REST uses oDATA to define these messages that’s sent across. The Open Data Protocol (OData) is an open protocol for sharing data. All interaction with OData feed are done using URIs to address resources and standard HTTP verbs (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, MERGE) to act on those resources.
REST URL’sin Sharepoint 2013 is simplified compared to Sharepoint 2010. The _vti_bin/client.svcare replaced by _api. It doesn’t need the Client.svc endpoint anymore.
Here are fewexamples of how you can extract data from Sharepoint 2013 using REST
http://intranet.shopsharepoint.com/_api/ web/lists – Get all the Lists inside the web.
http://intranet.shopsharepoint.com/_api/ web/lists/shoppinglist – Get the specific List ‘shoppinglist’inside the web.
http://intranet.shopsharepoint.com/_api/ web/lists/getbytitle(‘shoppinglist’) – Get Lists by title inside the web.
Below is anexample of creating a custom field for the ‘shoppinglist’ list using REST.